Fuels are the energy substrates carried in blood plasma that cells burn for energy.

So far this group holds:

  • Glucose — the body’s default fuel
  • Ketones — the backup fuel the liver makes from fat when glucose is scarce

(Free fatty acids belong here too, once noted.)

This group is defined by role, not by origin: glucose is also something you eat (a dietary nutrient), while ketones are made inside the body. What unites them is that cells can burn them — so they sit together as fuels, even though only some are nutrients.